长江口及其邻近海域有害藻华的发生情况、危害效应与演变趋势   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

于仁成  张清春  孔凡洲  周正熙  陈振帆  赵越  耿慧霞  代丽  颜天  周名江 《海洋与湖沼》2017,48(6):1178-1186

长江口及其邻近海域是我国近海有害藻华高发区之一。自2000年以来,由东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense)、米氏凯伦藻(Karenia mikimotoi)和亚历山大藻(Alexandrium spp.)等甲藻形成的大规模有害藻华连年暴发,对海水养殖业、人类健康和生态安全构成了严重威胁。以往调查和研究工作表明,长江口及其邻近海域藻华优势类群近年来已由硅藻逐渐转变为甲藻,同时,有害藻华原因种也表现出明显的年际变异特征和有毒有害藻种增多的态势,亟待解析其演变机理、趋势和驱动因素。长江口及其邻近海域受长江径流影响,富营养化问题突出,是大规模有害藻华形成的重要原因。同时,该海域也受到来自台湾东北部黑潮分支的影响,但对其与有害藻华的关系所知甚少。在中国科学院战略性先导科技专项"热带西太平洋海洋系统物质能量交换及其影响"支持下,针对这一问题开展了较为系统的调查和研究工作,本文对研究中得到的科学认识进行了初步总结。结果表明:东海黑潮分支能够到达长江口及其邻近海域赤潮区,影响该海域赤潮生物多样性状况;黑潮分支对长江口及其邻近海域甲藻赤潮发生过程具有重要调控作用;长江冲淡水和黑潮分支的共同作用决定了长江口及其邻近海域有害藻华的发生过程和演变趋势。在现有结果基础上进一步分析和讨论了未来长江口及其邻近海域有害藻华的研究方向,以期为进一步解析有害藻华演变趋势、提升有害藻华的监测和预警能力提供依据。  相似文献   

Mineralogical characteristics of polymetallic sulfides from the Deyin-1 hydrothermal field near 15°S,southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王淑杰  李怀明  翟世奎  于增慧  邵宗泽  蔡宗伟 《海洋学报(英文版)》2017,36(2):22-34

A seafloor hydrothermal field, named Deyin-1 later, near 15°S southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge(SMAR) was newly found during the 22 nd cruise carried out by the China Ocean Mineral Resources Research Development Association(COMRA). Sulfide samples were collected at three stations from the hydrothermal field during the26 th cruise in 2012. In this paper, mineralogical characteristics of the sulfides were analyzed with optical microscope, X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope and electron microprobe to study the crystallization sequence of minerals and the process of hydrothermal mineralization. According to the difference of the ore-forming metal elements, the sulfide samples can be divided into three types:(1) the Ferich sulfide, which contains mainly pyrite and chalcopyrite;(2) the Fe-Cu-rich sulfide consisting predominantly of pyrite, chalcopyrite and isocubanite, with lesser amount of sphalerite, marmatite and pyrrhotine; and(3) the Fe-Zn-rich sulfide dominated by pyrite, sphalerite and marmatite, with variable amounts of chalcopyrite, isocubanite, pyrrhotine, marcasite, galena and gratonite. Mineral precipitations in these sulfides are in the sequence of chalcopyrite(isocubanite and possible coarse pyrite), fine pyrite,sphalerite(marmatite), galena, gratonite and then the minerals out of the dissolution. Two morphologically distinct generations(Py-I and Py-II) of pyrite are identified in each of the samples; inclusions of marmatite tend to exist in the coarse pyrite crystals(Py-I). Sphalerite in the Fe-Zn-rich sulfide is characterized by a"chalcopyrite disease" phenomenon. Mineral paragenetic relationships and a wide range of chemical compositions suggest that the environment of hydrothermal mineralization was largely changing. By comparison, the Fe-rich sulfide was formed in a relatively stable environment with a high temperature, but the conditions for the formation of the Fe-Cu-rich sulfide were variable. The Fe-Zn-rich sulfide was precipitated during the hydrothermal venting at relatively low temperature.  相似文献   

春季长江口富营养化水域浮游植物群集对冲淡水和上升流的响应   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

宋书群  李照  李才文  俞志明 《海洋学报(英文版)》2017,36(12):101-110

A comprehensive study on the phytoplankton standing stocks, species composition and dominant species in the eutrophic Changjiang(Yangtze River) Estuary(CE) was conducted to reveal the response of phytoplankton assemblage to Changjiang Diluted Water(CDW) and upwelling in the spring. Phytoplankton presented peak standing stocks(13.03 μg/L of chlorophyll a, 984.5×103 cells/L of phytoplankton abundance) along the surface isohaline of 25. Sixty-six species in 41 genera of Bacillariophyta and 33 species in 19 genera of Pyrrophyta were identified, as well as 5 species in Chlorophyta and Chrysophyta. Karenia mikimotoi was the most dominant species, followed by Prorocentrum dentatum, Paralia sulcata, Pseudo-nitzschia delicatissima and Skeletonema costatum. A bloom of K. mikimotoi was observed in the stratified stations, where the water was characterized by low nitrate, low phosphate, low turbidity, and specific ranges of temperature(18–22 °C) and salinity(27–32). K.mikimotoi and P. dentatum accumulated densely in the upper layers along the isohaline of 25. S. costatum was distributed in the west of the isohaline of 20. Benthonic P. sulcata presented high abundance near the bottom,while spread upward at upwelling stations. CDW resulted in overt gradients of salinity, turbidity and nutritional condition, determining the spatial distribution of phytoplankton species. The restricted upwelling resulted in the upward transport of P. sulcata and exclusion of S. costatum, K. mikimotoi and P. dentatum. The results suggested that CDW and upwelling were of importance in regulating the structure and distribution of phytoplankton assemblage in the CE and the East China Sea.  相似文献   

南海东北部冷泉区沉积物中有机质来源的生物标志物分析与环境指示意义   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

丁玲  赵美训  于蒙  李莉  黄琦瑜 《海洋学报(英文版)》2017,36(10):8-19

Multi-biomarker indexes were analyzed for two piston cores from potential cold seep areas of the South China Sea off southwestern Taiwan. Total organic carbon(TOC) normalized terrestrial(n-alkanes) and marine(brassicasterol, dinosterol, alkenones and iso-GDGTs) biomarker contents and ratios(TMBR, 1/Pmar-aq, BIT) were used to evaluate the contributions of terrestrial and marine organic matter(TOM and MOM respectively) to the sedimentary organic matter, indicating that MOM dominated the organic sources in Core MD052911 and the sedimentary organic matter in Core ORI-_(86)0-22 was mainly derived from terrestrial inputs, and different morphologies were the likely reason for TOM percentage differences. BIT results suggested that river-transported terrestrial soil organic matter was not a major source of TOM of sedimentary organic matter around these settings.Diagnostic biomarkers for methane-oxidizing archaea(MOA) were only detected in one sample at 172 cm depth of Core ORI-_(86)0-22, with abnormally high iso-GDGTs content and Methane Index(MI) value(0.94). These results indicated high anaerobic oxidation of methane(AOM) activities at or around 172 cm in Core ORI-_(86)0-22.However in Core MD052911, MOA biomarkers were not detected and MI values were lower(0.19–0.38), indicated insignificant contributions of iso-GDGTs from methanotrophic archaea and the absence of significant AOM activities. Biomarker results thus indicated that the discontinuous upward methane seepage and insufficient methane flux could not induce high AOM activities in our sampling sites. In addition, the different patterns of TEX_(86) and U_(37)~(K′) temperature in two cores suggested that AOM activities affected TEX_(86)37 temperature estimates with lower values in Core ORI-_(86)0-22, but not significantly on TEX_(86) temperature estimates in Core MD052911.  相似文献   

长江口及其邻近海域表层沉积物粒径及生源要素分布特征     

樊鑫  程芳晋  俞志明  宋秀贤 《海洋科学》2017,41(7):105-112

针对2015年长江口及其邻近海域所采集的43个表层沉积物样品,通过粒径分析以及生物硅(BSi)、总有机碳(TOC)和总氮(TN)等生源要素参数的测定,系统探讨了长江口表层沉积物粒径及生源要素的时空分布特征以及各要素的相互关系。结果表明:(1)长江口及其邻近海域表层沉积物组成以黏土质粉砂、粉砂质砂和砂为主。研究区域内,粒径组成呈现明显的"南细、北粗,近岸细、离岸粗"的分布特征,长江口及浙江近岸泥质区的表层沉积物粒度最细,中值粒径(Φ)在5以上;(2)调查海域表层沉积物中BSi含量在0.22%~1.82%之间,沉积物中粉砂、黏土含量及平均粒径(Φ)均与BSi含量呈显著正相关(P0.01),黏土矿物和粉砂较多的细颗粒沉积物更易累计和保存BSi;(3)TOC和TN的含量分别在0.04%~1.17%和0.01%~0.26%之间,其分布特征与沉积物中值粒径(Φ)和BSi的分布也有明显的正相关性,说明细颗粒沉积物更有利于有机质保存,表层沉积物中的硅藻可能是有机物的来源之一。  相似文献   

渤海及北黄海河流悬浮颗粒碳氮同位素时空分布及源解析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

于靖  张华 《海洋科学》2017,41(5):93-102

选择流入渤海和北黄海的36条主要河流为研究对象,对比了平水期、丰水期和枯水期水体中悬浮颗粒物和河流表层沉积物的碳和氮稳定同位素的地球化学特征,并对颗粒物有机质碳和氮来源进行分析。结果表明,水体悬浮有机质碳同位素总体上表现为δ13C平水期δ13C丰水期δ13C枯水期的特点,δ15N值呈δ15N丰水期δ15N平水期δ15N枯水期的特点。渤海和北黄海的主要入海河流悬浮颗粒物有机质的来源具有明显的季节性差异,悬浮颗粒有机质碳平水期(春秋季)来源以C3植物、土壤有机质和水生藻类为主,丰水期(夏季)碳的各来源中浮游植物的贡献率明显增大,枯水期(冬季)则表现为陆源C3植物分解和水源性有机质的混合来源;悬浮颗粒态氮的来源与季节性降水量、生活污水、合成化肥及河流内源性水生植物密切相关。  相似文献   

渤海南部早-中更新统湖相沉积的粒度特征及其对沉积环境的指示          下载免费PDF全文

吕文哲  易亮  付腾飞  陈广泉  徐兴永  于洪军 《海岸工程》2017,36(1)

通过对莱州湾南岸Lz908孔下部47m沉积物的粒度分析,揭示了该地区沉积物的粒度特征:平均粒径介于3.2Φ~7.4Φ,大部分为黏土质粉砂,少部分为砂质粉砂,亦含有少量粉砂质砂;分选系数介于1.1~2.5,分选较差;偏度绝大多数介于0.7~2.4,表现为正偏和极正偏;峰度介于1.9~3.4,表现为平坦和正态。通过粒级组成、粒度象特征、粒度结构散点图等的综合分析,表明:钻孔下部沉积物与上部沉积物相比,指示了相对低能稳定的水动力环境;莱州湾南岸地区在早-中更新统处于浅湖相与深湖相交替存在的沉积环境。因此,本文认为对渤海莱州湾南岸地区沉积物粒度特征的研究可以有效的判断沉积环境,提取古环境信息,是沉积环境的重要替代指标。  相似文献   

壳聚糖碱性氨基酸衍生物的合成及抑菌活性研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

黄勇  刘松  秦玉坤  邢荣娥  李克成  于华华  岳洋  李俨  李鹏程 《海洋科学》2017,41(1):24-29

利用接枝反应,采用碱性氨基酸修饰壳聚糖,制备壳聚糖赖氨酸衍生物、壳聚糖精氨酸衍生物、壳聚糖组氨酸衍生物。通过红外(FT-IR)、核磁(~1H-NMR)、元素分析(EA)对其进行表征,并研究了不同壳聚糖氨基酸衍生物的抑菌活性。结果表明,壳聚糖赖氨酸衍生物、壳聚糖精氨酸衍生物、壳聚糖组氨酸衍生物、壳聚糖对金黄色葡萄球菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)分别为320、160、320、640μg/mL,对大肠杆菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)分别为320、320、320、640μg/mL,三种壳聚糖氨基酸衍生物的抑菌活性均明显高于未修饰壳聚糖。通过引入碱性氨基酸增加壳聚糖的正电荷有利于提高其抑菌活性。  相似文献   

离线固相萃取螯合富集分离-ICP-MS测定海水中的稀土元素   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘瑶  宋金明  林强  于颖  孙玲玲  温廷宇 《海洋科学》2017,41(9):34-40

通过测定条件优化、方法比对等实验建立了一种固相萃取小柱离线螯合富集分离电感耦合等离子体质谱仪测定海水中稀土元素的方法。海水样品通过调节p H后,进入VAC ELUT SPS24 Agilent圆形固相萃取装置,其主要基体物质的去除率高于97%;萃取富集的优化条件是海水样品p H 4.0~7.0,海水进入萃取柱速率2 m L/min,硝酸洗脱液浓度为1 mol/L;方法对稀土元素的加标回收率为83%~108%,14种稀土元素的检出限为0.057~0.613 ng/L,RSD10%;该方法与氢氧化铁共沉淀法富集稀土元素比对测定结果一致,方法具有准确度与精密度高、操作简便快速等优点,可用于海水样品中稀土元素的定量精确测量。  相似文献   

海底边界层溶解氧通量原位观测技术方法研究     

崔尚公  于新生  赵广涛  张晓东 《海洋技术学报》2017,36(2)

海底边界层是溶质和悬浮颗粒物在海床与水体间交换的重要场所,也是沉积物质的主要成岩作用区,对海洋、湖泊有着重要的生物、化学、地质学意义。底栖溶解氧消耗速率是评估早期碳矿化作用的重要指示剂,也是研究元素循环周转的重要指标。溶解氧通量原位监测技术是获取底栖溶解氧消耗速率、了解化学物质输运机制,进而研究底栖生态系统、环境污染影响、生物地球化学进程的重要手段。针对传统溶解氧观测方法在效率和准确度上的局限性,介绍了目前底边界层原位氧通量测量技术的发展现状,对包括底栖培养室、微电极剖面、涡动相关技术和平面光极系统在内的观测特点进行了对比分析,讨论了各自的不足与局限,提出了今后需要关注的改进方向。  相似文献